I recently came across an issue in our VCF 9.0.1 lab where in the management domain vcenter had an issue with its identity provider and the exact error was “An error occurred while fetching identity providers. Please try again later. If problem persists, contact your administrator.”
The error screenshot is as below

When this Issue occurred, we can’t login using our domain credentials into the vcenter and have to use the SSO creds to get into the vcenter
Solution:
I have checked the VAMI of the vcenter server to check its services first and found that the service VMware Trust Management Service was not started even though it was supposed to start Automatically.
I started that service and refreshed my browser for my vcenter and the identity provider error was resolved.
unfortunately I didn’t take a screenshot of the service when its stopped, but I took a screenshot of after the service has been started as below

So, starting this service resolved the identity provider issue we had.
Hope this helps !